Common Voice Spontaneous Speech 3.0 - Kabardian

Адыгэбзэ (Къэбэрдей) — Kabardian (kbd)

This datasheet is for sps-corpus-3.0-2026-03-09 of the Mozilla Common Voice Spontaneous Speech dataset for Kabardian [Адыгэбзэ (Къэбэрдей) - kbd]. The dataset contains 1287 clips representing 12.46 hours of recorded speech (8.21 hours validated) from 42 speakers.

Language

Kabardian (/kəˈbɑːrdiən/, also known as East Circassian) is a Northwest Caucasian language spoken by the eastern subgroups of Adygheans (Circassians). Identified by the ISO 639-3 code kbd, it belongs to the Northwest Caucasian language family and is widely considered to be the eastern dialect of Adyghe. Kabardian is also one of the official languages of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic and the Karachay-Cherkess Republic, both federal subjects of the Russian Federation.

The Kabardian (East Circassians) population is estimated at 500,000 to 750,000, yet only around 300,000 are believed to actively speak the language. Kabardians are primarily located in the Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay-Cherkessia republics of Russia, with additional diaspora populations in Turkey, Jordan, Syria, and other countries due to historical migrations. The language includes several dialects, with the Baksan and Malka varieties being the most prominent. However, only a limited portion of the Kabardian population is considered literate in the language.

There is no definitive and official publication on this matter. Data published by organizations such as Wikipedia, Etnologue, and the Joshua Project do not reflect reality. Many Kabardians living in both the Caucasus and the Diaspora identify themselves as Adyghe unless specifically asked. Therefore, to obtain reliable results, researchers must be well-versed in the Adyghe tribes and their culture.

Variants

The following table presents the general language variants of the Kabardian language used in the Common Voice project.

Sentences in the MCV project are provided in Cyrillic and Turkish transliteration to support non-literate users from the Turkish diaspora. With "literacy" we mean being able to read the Kabardian alphabet.

Data splits for modelling

The dataset clips are categorised by transcription status and training-set assignment. The following tables summarise the distribution.

Audio clips

Training splits

Training split coverage: 793 of 793 transcribed & validated clips (100.0%)

Transcriptions

Transcription status

Writing system

The Kabardian language uses the Cyrillic script with some additional letters to represent specific sounds in the language. The alphabet consists of 59 letters, including 33 standard Cyrillic letters and 26 additional letters unique to Kabardian. The writing system is phonetic, meaning that words are generally spelled as they are pronounced. Kabardian is written from left to right.

During the period when there was no Kabardian keyboard option, the recorded text content was written with the Russian keyboard as the closest alternative. The characters in the Kabardian alphabet defined by the Unicode Consortium as "Cyrillic Letter Palocka ('Ӏ': u04C0, utf-8)" and "Cyrillic Letter Small Palocka ('ӏ': u04CF, utf-8)" are not defined in this keyboard model. For this reason, since the early days of computers, when creating digital data in Adyghe or Kabardian, one of the characters "Latin Capital Letter i ('I': u0049, utf-8)", "Latin Small Letter L ('l': u006C, utf-8)" or "Digit One ('1': u0031, utf-8)", albeit rarely "Vertical Line ('|': u007C, utf-8)" was used randomly due to their visual similarities (Nemlioğlu, 2018). This situation emerges as an important factor that negatively affects data quality (Nemlioğlu,2025).

Symbol table

Main Alphabet: (Ordered by ascending) а э б в г {гу} {гъ} {гъу} д {дж} {дз} е ё ж {жь} з и й к {ку} {кӏ} {кӏу} {къ} {къу} {кхъ} {кхъу} л {лъ} {лӏ} м н о п {пӏ} р с т {тӏ} у ф {фӏ} х {ху} {хь} {хъ} {хъу} ц {цӏ} ч ш щ {щӏ} ъ ы ь ю я ӏ {ӏу}

Orthographic–Phonetic Table (IPA):

Auxiliary exemplar: The following letters are also present in the dataset, but are not part of the official Kabardian alphabet. They are used to represent three specific sounds in the different sub dialects.

{гь}: Voiced dorso-palatal plosive [ʄ] (e.g. гьанэ (ɟa:ne) [Some dialects of Kabardian] = джанэ [Kabardian]: shirt/dress) {кь}: Voiceless dorso-palato-velar plosive [kʲ] (e.g. кьыржын (kʲərʒən) [Some dialects of Kabardian] = чыржын [Kabardian]: a type of cookie made from corn flour ) {кӏь}: Glottalized voiceless dorso-palato-velar plosive [kʲʼ] (e.g. гьэдыкIьэ (ɟedəkʲ’e) [Some dialects of Kabardian] = джэдыкӏэ [Kabardian]: egg)

Prior to dataset utilization, the following transformations should be applied to resolve transcription inconsistencies related to dialectal phoneme representation:

г' -> гь чӏ -> кӏь

Other Languages: Some entries in the dataset include words originating from other languages, such as Russian or Turkish. These words have been phonetically transcribed using the Kabadrian alphabet, with characters chosen to approximate their original pronunciation as closely as possible.

Samples

Questions

There follows a randomly selected sample of questions used in the corpus.

1. Сыт хуэдэ шхыныгъуэ нэхъ пфӏэфӏыр? Хэт ахэр унэм щызыпщэфӏыр? [Sıt xuede şşxınığue nexh pf'ef'ır? Xet axer vunem şızıpşef'ır?]

2. Дэтхэнэ адыгэ къафэхэра нэхъыфӏу плъагъур? [Detxene adıge khafexera nexhıf'u plhağur?]

3. Гъэм и зэманхэм дэтхэнэра нэхъ пфӏэфӏ? [Ğem yi zemanxem detxenera nexh pf'ef'?]

4. Уи ныбжьэгъумрэ уэрэ фызыщыӏеямэ, уекӏужын щхьэкӏэ япэ лъэбакъуэр пчыфын? [Vui nıbjeğumre vuere fızışı'êyame, vuêk'ujjın şheç'e yape lhebakhuer pçıfın?]

5. Ныкъусаныгъэ гуэр зыхэмылъ цӏыху щыӏэкъым. Уи хьэлым уэ езым пфӏэмыфӏу хэлъыр сыт? [Nıkhusanığe guer zıxemılh ts'ıxu şı'ekhım. Vui helım vue yêzım pf'emıf'u xelhır sıt?]

Responses

There follows a randomly selected sample of transcribed responses from the corpus.

1. [disfluency] Си ныбжьэгъурэ сэрэ дызэщыӏеямэ, япэ щӏычӏэ ди зэгурыӏмыӏуэныгъэм и купщӏэр къэщӏэну хуейщ. Ар мыхьэнэшхуэ ин имыӏэмэ, тыншу япэ лъэбакъуэр счыфынущ. Ауэ ди зэнукъуэкъум мыхьэнэшхуэ иӏэмэ, тӏэкӏу сегупсысыжу, сэ къуаншэу зыкъэслъытэжмэ, япэ лъэбакъуи счыфынущ. Нэгъуэщӏу щытмэ, си фӏэщ хъуркъым сэ япэу секӏужыфыну.

2. Хьэуэ, сэ си узыншагъэм [disfluency] зыри зэран хуэхъуу сщӏэкъымэ [disfluency] икӏии аркъэи, фади, хьэмгъуэкъуи, абыхэм зыми сефэкъым, икӏи зыми сыдихьэхыркъым. Аращи [disfluency] ӏейыщууи зыри си узыншагъэм зэран хуэхъуу сщӏэкъымэ щыӏу, ауэ [disfluency] дауикӏ [disfluency] сфӏэфӏщ ӏэфӏу сышхэну, [disfluency] итӏанэ [disfluency] а шхын лейр [disfluency] псори [disfluency] къупщхьэхэм сэ сщӏэрэ, лым [disfluency] адрей лынэхэм [disfluency] лей ирехыр.

3. Зэлӏзэфыз зэбгъэдэкӏыжри нэхъыбэ хъуами, нэхъ мащӏэ хъуами, сэ сымыщӏэ, зыри хэзмыщӏычӏ, ауэ нэхъыбэ хъуауэ щытмэ, абы и щхьэусыгъуэр нэхъыбэу сэ къызэрысщыхъумчӏэ, цӏыхухьэр нэхъ щхьэхуит хъуа. Цӏыхубзри нэхъ щхьэхуитщ, цӏыхухъури нэхъ щхьэхуитщ. Я щхьэӏуэху зырахуэжу, я щхьэри нэхъ япӏыжыфу нэхъ ӏэмал яӏэщ иджыпсту цӏыхухъуи цӏыхубзи. Аращи [disfluency] зыгуэр и ӏуэху зыхуэмыхъум, и ӏуэху зыхуэмыкӏуэу щытмэ, и щхьэ ӏуэхучӏэ езыр-езыру зэрыпсэужыфынур псоми къагуроӏуэри унагъуэ мыхъуми, зэбгъэдэчӏыжу щытми, унагъуэр якъутэми, абы щхьа гузавэӏым. Абы щхьэ я гъащӏэр нэхъ гугъу хъунуӏыми, абы щхьэчӏэ нэхъ- нэхъыбэуи зэбгъэдокӏыж.

4. Цӏыхум и теплъэми и хьэлми гулъытэ хузощӏ. Цӏыхум и хьэлыр уигу ирихьу, езым и теплъэчӏэ уигу иримыхьмэ, уигу бгъэдыхьэнуӏым. И теплъэчӏэ уигу ирихьу, и хьэлыр уигу иримыхьу щытми, абыи уигу бгъэдыхьэнуӏым. Тӏури уигу ирихьыу щытын хуей. И теплъэри дахэу, и хьэлри хьэлыфӏ хэлъу щытмэ, ара нэхъыфӏыр. Иджы ауэдэ цӏыхухьэр нэхъ уигу ирохь, дауи.

5. Иджысту сыздэпсэум нэхъыфӏу щыслъагъур хы ӏуф- хы ӏуфэра. Хы ӏуфэмчӏэ уекӏуэчӏу, абы зыпплъыхьыну, абы псы хэлъэдэжым де ущыту кхъухьхэм уеплъу, цӏыху абде зэблэчӏу зэхэзекӏуэхэм уеплъу. Ара нэхъ гъэщӏэгъуэну сэ мыбы нэхъ сигу ирихьууи, нэхъ гъэщӏэгъуэну щыслъагъур ара.

Recommended post-processing

These transcriptions are provided as-is, and no additional post-processing is required. However, users may choose to perform Unicode normalization (NFC or NFD) depending on their specific use case.

Although the sentences (questions/translation texts) have been written and verified using correct Unicode characters via the ady & kbd keyboard for Windows, it is possible that some text inputs beyond our control may have been submitted due to Common Voice’s open participation model.

After the datasets are published, we re-audit these entries and take the necessary steps to ensure corrections in the next release.

Fields

Each row of a tsv file represents a single audio clip, and contains the following information:

• client_id - hashed UUID of a given user

• audio_id - numeric id for audio file

• audio_file - audio file name

• duration_ms - duration of audio in milliseconds

• prompt_id - numeric id for prompt

• prompt - question for user

• transcription - transcription of the audio response

• votes - number of people that who approved a given transcript

• age - age of the speaker1

• gender - gender of the speaker1

• language - language name

• split - for data modelling, which subset of the data does this clip pertain to

• char_per_sec - how many characters of transcription per second of audio

• quality_tags - some automated assessment of the transcription--audio pair, separated by |

  • transcription-length - character per second under 3 characters per second

  • speech-rate - characters per second over 30 characters per second

  • short-audio - audio length under 2 seconds

  • long-audio - audio length over 5 minutes

Get involved

Community links

• If you want to join kbd community, start here: https://bit.ly/cv_circassian_start_here

You can find more information about how to participate in the Common Voice Project on the following page:

• Common Voice translators on Pontoon

• Common Voice Communities

Discussions

• Common Voice on Matrix

• Common Voice on Discourse

• Common Voice on Discord

• Common Voice on Telegram

Contribute

We do not advice to contribute to this dataset directly, because of writting system-keyboard issues. Please, read the section "Writing system" above and the following article: https://www.nemerko.org/the-importance-of-adyghe-keyboard-usage-for-artificial-intelligence-training/

If you want to contribute to the Kabardian language, please visit the following links: https://bit.ly/cv_circassian_start_here

A special thanks to all the volunteers who contributed to this dataset.

• Contribute questions

• Validate questions

• Answer questions

• Transcribe recordings

• Validate transcriptions

Acknowledgements

Datasheet authors

• M.Ugur Nemlioglu <nemerko@nemerko.com>

• Murat Topçu <murattopcu67@hotmail.com>

• Murat Topçu <murattopcu67@hotmail.com>

• Elizaveta Gogunokova

• Saida Abregova

• M.Uğur Nemlioğlu

• Bülent Özden (Technical Advisor)

Funding

This dataset was partially funded by the Open Multilingual Speech Fund managed by Mozilla Common Voice.

Licence

This dataset is released under the Creative Commons Zero (CC-0) licence. By downloading this data you agree to not determine the identity of speakers in the dataset.

Footnotes

1. For a full list of age, gender, and accent options, see the demographics spec. These will only be reported if the speaker opted in to provide that information. ↩ ↩2